What effect does digoxin typically have on the heart?

• A. Increases heart rate
• B. Decreases heart rate
• C. Regularizes arrhythmias
• D. Eliminates vascular resistance

Answer: (B)

Digoxin typically decreases heart rate, which is primarily achieved through its effects on the autonomic nervous system. It increases vagal tone, leading to a reduction in conduction through the sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes. This is particularly beneficial in the treatment of certain conditions such as atrial fibrillation and heart failure, as it helps to slow down the ventricular response rate, allowing for better filling and improved cardiac output.

Additionally, digoxin enhances the contractility of the heart muscle (positive inotropic effect), which can lead to more efficient blood pumping. However, the drug's primary and expected effect regarding heart rate is its ability to decrease it, making it integral in managing arrhythmias and certain heart conditions. This is why the correct choice highlights the decrease in heart rate as a significant effect of digoxin.